Explanation

• Ransomware is malware that encrypts or blocks a user's files and demands a ransom payment to restore access.
• It is one of the most dangerous forms of cyberattacks.
• Victims are usually asked to pay money, often in cryptocurrency.
• Files remain inaccessible until they are decrypted.
• Regular backups help reduce the impact of ransomware attacks.

Last verified on 18-07-2026

Explanation

• The main purpose of DNS (Domain Name System) is to translate domain names into IP addresses.
• It works like an internet phonebook.
• It helps users access websites using easy names instead of numeric IPs.
• Example: google.com → 142.250.190.14

Last verified on 09-06-2026

Explanation

• DHCP automatically assigns IP addresses to devices.
• It also provides subnet mask, gateway, and DNS information.
• DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.

Last verified on 15-01-2026

Explanation

• Merge Sort has the best worst-case time complexity: O(n log n).
• It uses the Divide and Conquer technique.
• It divides the array into smaller parts, sorts them, and then merges them.

Additional information:

• Bubble Sort: O(n²)
• Selection Sort: O(n²)
• Insertion Sort: O(n²) (worst case)
• Quick Sort: O(n²) (worst case), O(n log n) (average)

Last verified on 18-07-2026

Explanation

• IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) uses a 32-bit address system.
• It allows about 4.3 billion unique IP addresses.
• It is written in dotted decimal format (e.g., 192.168.1.1).

Additional information:

• IPv6 length → 128 bits

Last verified on 26-05-2026