Explanation

• The Islamic Revolution in Iran took place in 1979.
• It overthrew the rule of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
• The revolution was led by Ruhollah Khomeini.
• It is also called the Iranian Revolution of 1979.

Additional information:

• Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi left Iran on 16 January 1979.
• Ayatollah Khomeini returned to Iran on 1 February 1979.
• The monarchy officially ended on 11 February 1979.
• Iran became an Islamic Republic after a referendum on 1 April 1979.

Last verified on 17-05-2026

Explanation

• The Bolshevik Revolution took place in 1917.
• It overthrowing the Tsarist regime.
  • It led to the establishment of the Soviet Union and Communist rule under Lenin.
  
  
  Additional Points:
  • February 1917: The Tsar abdicated during the February Revolution.
  • October 1917: Bolsheviks seized power in Petrograd (St. Petersburg).

Last verified on 15-01-2026

Explanation

• The Soviet Union officially dissolved in December 1991.
• After the dissolution, the Russian Federation emerged as its successor state.
• Boris Yeltsin became the first President of the newly independent Russian Federation

Additional information:

• The USSR consisted of 15 republics before its dissolution.
• December 25, 1991, is often marked as the official end of the USSR.

Last verified on 15-01-2026

Explanation

Nepal was declared a Republic, thereby abolishing the 240-year-old monarchy, on May 28, 2008. 

In 2015, it adopted a new constitution

Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev was the last king of Nepal. 

He reigned from 1950 to 1951 and again from 2001 to 2008

Explanation

The Fatimid Caliphate, an Ismaili Shia caliphate of the 10th to the 12th centuries CE, spanned a large area of North Africa, from the Red Sea in the east to the Atlantic Ocean in the west. The Fatimid dynasty, of Arab origin, ruled territories across the Mediterranean coast of Africa and ultimately made Egypt the center of the caliphate.

At its height, the caliphate included - in addition to Egypt - varying areas of the Maghreb, Sudan, Sicily, the Levant, and the Hijaz.

Fatimid Caliphate came to end in 1171 AD.

In 969, they conquered Egypt, and in 973 they established Cairo as the capital of their caliphate.

The Fatimid Caliphate was an Ismaili Shia caliphate of the 10th to the 12th centuries CE