Explanation

• COP23 was held in Bonn, Germany.
• It took place from 6–17 November 2017.
• The conference was under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
• Fiji held the COP23 presidency, while the conference was hosted in Bonn.

Last verified on 04-09-2026

Explanation

About Makkah Joint Defence Agreement 2026

Signing Date: 7 August 2026

Place: Al-Safa Palace, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Signatories: Shehbaz Sharif (Pakistan), Mohammed bin Salman (Saudi Arabia), Recep Tayyip Erdogan

(Turkiye)

The agreement was signed during the Makkah Al-Mukarramah Summit for Joint Defence.

An armed attack on one member will be regarded as an attack on all three.

****

Explanation

About G7 Summit 2026

• Starting date: 14 June 2026
• Closing date: 15 June 2026
• Edition: 52nd
• Venue: France 
• Note: the 51st G7 summit was held in 2025 in Canada.

Additional Information:

• The Group of Seven (G7) is an intergovernmental political and economic forum.
• G7 has Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the UK and the US as its members.

Explanation

• The 21st G20 Summit will be held in Miami, Florida, USA.
• It will be held on 14–15 December 2026.
• The summit will be held under the presidency of U.S. President Donald Trump.
• The venue is Trump National Doral Miami.

Additional Information:

• G20 Summit 2025 held in South Africa.

Last verified on 12-08-2026

Explanation

About Makkah Joint Defence Agreement 2026

Signing Date: 7 August 2026

Place: Al-Safa Palace, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Signatories: Shehbaz Sharif (Pakistan), Mohammed bin Salman (Saudi Arabia), Recep Tayyip Erdogan

(Turkiye)

The agreement was signed during the Makkah Al-Mukarramah Summit for Joint Defence.

An armed attack on one member will be regarded as an attack on all three.

****