Explanation

• The Indian Ocean covers approximately 70.56 million square kilometers (27.2 million square miles).
• It is the third-largest ocean in the world.
• It lies between Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Southern Ocean.

Additional information:

• Largest ocean: Pacific Ocean
• Second largest: Atlantic Ocean

Last verified on 07-09-2026

Explanation

• Shimla is the capital of the northern Indian state of Himachal Pradesh
• Named after: Shyamala
• History: Served as the summer capital of British India starting in 1864
• .Elevation: About 2,200 meters above sea level

Explanation

The Ottoman Caliphate in World War I

• Joined the Central Powers.
• Allied with Germany in August 1914.
• Entered the war in October 1914.
• Declared Jihad against the Entente in November 1914.
• Defeated in 1918, the empire collapsed.
• Republic of Turkey was established in 1923.

Explanation

• In World War I (1914), Turkey (then the Ottoman Empire) sided with the Central Powers

Additional information:

• World War I lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.
• It was a global war originating in Europe.
• Chlorine gas was first used during World War I at Ypres in April 1915.
• After World War I, the influenza pandemic occurred in 1918.
• During World War I, Russia signed the Peace Treaty with Germany in 1917.

Last updated by NS on 06-09-2026​

Explanation

• NASA’s Perseverance rover landed on Mars on 18 February 2021.
• It landed in Jezero Crater, an ancient lakebed on Mars.
• The mission aimed to search for signs of ancient microbial life.
• It also collected rock and soil samples for possible future return to Earth.

Last verified on 06-09-2026