Explanation

P waves (primary waves) are the fastest seismic waves generated during an earthquake.

They travel through solids, liquids, and gases, compressing and expanding the material.

S waves (secondary waves) are slower and can only move through solids.

P waves are the first to be detected by seismographs.

Their higher speed helps in early warning systems for earthquakes.

Explanation

Glucose is mainly synthesized in plants through photosynthesis.

Carbon dioxide provides the carbon atoms needed for glucose formation.

Water (H₂O) provides hydrogen and electrons but does not contribute carbon.

Explanation

During beta-minus (β⁻) decay, a neutron transforms into a proton.

This process emits an electron (β⁻ particle) from the nucleus.

Along with the electron, an antineutrino is also emitted to conserve energy and momentum.

This conversion increases the atomic number of the element by one.

Beta decay is common in unstable isotopes trying to achieve nuclear stability.

Explanation

Pakistan launched its first, entirely domestically designed satellite from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre in China

Satellite Name: PRSC-EO1 (or EO-1)

Date: January 17, 2025

Developer: Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO)

Purpose: To monitor natural resources, support food security, and assist in urban planning 

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Explanation

The main purpose of cellular respiration is to convert chemical energy stored in nutrients (specifically glucose) into ATP (adenosine triphosphate),

They acts as the usable energy currency for cellular processes.

It breaks down glucose in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP, carbon dioxide, and water. 

Explanation

Cellular activities require energy to function, which comes from molecules like ATP.

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) stores energy in its phosphate bonds.

When a phosphate bond is broken, energy is released for cellular processes.

This energy powers activities like muscle contraction, nerve signaling, and biosynthesis.

Therefore, phosphate bonds are the primary source of energy in metabolism.

Explanation

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder where the body cannot properly regulate blood glucose.

It occurs due to insufficient insulin production or poor insulin response.

High blood sugar over time can damage organs like the heart, kidneys, and eyes.

Symptoms include frequent urination, excessive thirst, and unexplained weight loss.

Explanation

Shehbaz Sharif was the Prime Minister of Pakistan in December 2025. 

He was re-elected for a second term on March 3, 2024, and continued in office throughout 2025

Explanation

Noble gas atoms generally do not form bonds under normal conditions

Due to their full valence electron shells, making them highly stable and inert.

However, under extreme pressure, low temperatures, or with highly reactive elements like fluorine and oxygen,

They can form compound bonds, primarily involving heavier gases like xenon. 

Explanation

Beta decay emits high-energy, high-speed particles,

Specifically, an electron  along with an antineutrino, or a positron along with a neutrino

These particles are emitted from the atomic nucleus to achieve a more stable neutron-to-proton ratio.