Explanation

17 m3/s = 17 x 1000 = 17000 litres/sec

Last verified on 17-10-2026

Explanation

• Sulphur dioxide (SO₂) is used as a dechlorinating agent to remove residual chlorine from water.
• It reacts with chlorine and reduces it to chloride ions, thereby neutralizing its disinfecting effect.
• Dechlorination is commonly required when excess chlorine must be removed from treated water or wastewater.

Last verified on 17-10-2026

Explanation

• Porosity: Soil porosity affects water storage and drainage.
• Fine-textured soils generally retain more water than coarse-textured soils.
• Capillary tension: It influences how strongly soil retains water against gravity after excess water has drained away.
• Field capacity (FC): It is the soil moisture content remaining after gravitational water has drained.
• It is usually about 1–3 days after thorough wetting, depending on the soil.

Last verified on 17-10-2026

Explanation

Formula:

Average Rainfall = Sum (Weight x Rainfall)

Given:

W1=0.10, P1=132

W2=0.16, P2=114

W3=0.12, P3=162

W4=0.11, P4=138

W5=0.09, P5=207

Calculation:

= (0.10 x 132) + (0.16 x 114) + (0.12 x 162) + (0.11 x 138) + (0.09 x 207)

= 13.20 + 18.24 + 19.44 + 15.18 + 18.63

= 84.69 mm

Last verified on 17-10-2026

Explanation

• In riveted joints, the gauge line indicates the line along which rivets are positioned.
• It helps determine the arrangement and spacing of rivets across the width of a plate.
• Gauge lines are important in designing riveted joints used in structural and mechanical applications.

Last verified on 17-10-2026

Explanation

• Thermophiles are heat-loving microorganisms that thrive at high temperatures.
• They commonly grow best within approximately 45–80°C, depending on the species.
• These organisms are found in hot springs, compost piles, and other hot environments.

Last verified on 17-10-2026

Explanation

• The moisture present in soil between field capacity (FC) and permanent wilting point (PWP) is called available water.
• Because plants can generally absorb this water for growth.

Additional information:

• Field Capacity (FC): The amount of water remaining in soil after excess gravitational water has drained away.
• Permanent Wilting Point (PWP): The soil moisture level at which plants can no longer absorb enough water and remain wilted.

Last verified on 17-10-2026

Explanation

• A confined aquifer is a water-bearing layer enclosed between two relatively impermeable or low-permeability layers.
• Water is under pressure due to the weight of overlying water and geological conditions.
• When a well penetrates a confined aquifer, water rises in the well to the piezometric level.
• It may rise above the ground surface if the pressure is sufficiently high.

Last verified on 17-10-2026

Explanation

• DNA sequencing determines the precise order of the four DNA bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C).
• This information helps scientists study genes, identify genetic variations, diagnose inherited disorders, and understand genetic relationships.
• The Human Genome Project, completed in 2003, produced a reference sequence of the human genome.

Last verified on 17-10-2026

Explanation

• Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient required for normal plant growth and development.
• It supports cell-wall formation, sugar transport, pollen germination, and reproductive growth.
• Deficiency: May cause growing-point death, poor flowering, and malformed fruits or growing tissues.
• Excess boron: Can be toxic to plants, causing leaf-tip and leaf-margin burning.

Last verified on 17-10-2026