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Sticky Note

USE OF AI

John McCarthy is often called the Father of Artificial Intelligence.

In 1950 Alan Turing gave the idea of the Turing Test, asking whether machines can think like humans.

1955–1956: John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Nathaniel Rochester, and Claude Shannon started the Dartmouth AI project; this is known as the beginning of Artificial Intelligence.
2012: Alex Krizhevsky, Ilya Sutskever, and Geoffrey Hinton made a deep-learning breakthrough with AlexNet, starting the modern AI revolution.
2017: Ashish Vaswani, Noam Shazeer, Niki Parmar, Jakob Uszkoreit, Llion Jones, Aidan Gomez, Łukasz Kaiser, and Illia Polosukhin introduced the Transformer model, which became the base of modern chatbots.
2022: OpenAI released ChatGPT, which made AI popular worldwide. 2023-GPT-4 and 2024-GPT40

Current AI Developers / Leaders: Sam Altman founded OpenAI in 2015, Demis Hassabis founded Google DeepMind in 2010, Dario Amodei founded Anthropic/Claude in 2021, Elon Musk founded xAI in 2023, and Arthur Mensch founded Mistral AI in 2023.

Must Read: Important AI, Machine Learning Techniques are

چار آپشن میں سے کسی ایک پر کلک کرنے سے جواب سرخ ہو جائے گا۔
Which AI approach would best identify a suspect's face across thousands of CCTV frames?
  1. NLP sentiment analysis
  2. Audio compression
  3. Facial recognition + object tracking
  4. Decision tree on text
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The 'exploration vs exploitation' trade-off is central to:
  1. Image compression
  2. Supervised learning
  3. Tokenization
  4. Reinforcement learning
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Which method explains individual predictions by attributing importance to each feature?
  1. Pooling
  2. SHAP / LIME
  3. Tokenization
  4. Dropout
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An AI system trained mostly on one ethnicity misidentifies others. This is an example of:
  1. Algorithmic bias
  2. Hardware failure
  3. Encryption error
  4. Overfitting only
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Which technique allows an LLM to use external knowledge at query time without retraining?
  1. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)
  2. Pooling
  3. Backpropagation
  4. Tokenization
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In NLP, 'stemming' differs from 'lemmatization' because stemming:
  1. Encrypts text
  2. Crudely chops word endings
  3. Translates languages
  4. Uses dictionary meaning
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Which is the correct order of a typical machine learning pipeline?
  1. Evaluate → Collect → Encrypt
  2. Deploy → Train → Collect data
  3. Collect data → Preprocess → Train → Evaluate → Deploy
  4. Train → Collect → Delete
(0)
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An AI tool flags transactions structured just below reporting thresholds. This detects:
  1. Spelling errors
  2. Image blur
  3. Smurfing/structuring in money laundering
  4. CPU overheating
(0)
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Which evaluation curve plots true positive rate against false positive rate?
  1. Loss curve
  2. ROC curve
  3. Bar chart
  4. Histogram
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The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.5 indicates a model that is:
  1. Perfect
  2. Underfitted only
  3. Overfitted
  4. No better than random guessing
(0)
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