Explanation

 opposite:  برعکس

deny: انکار

ND5-07-2023

Explanation

Skillful: ہنر مند

competent: قابل

ND5-07-2023

Explanation

Fatal:  جان لیوا, مہلک

deadly:   مہلک

ND5-07-2023

Explanation

Explanation

Comprehensive paragraph:

The supervisor would have to change his attitude towards people first. The staff under him must be perceived as human beings with feelings and needs. They are not automatons within a complex work machinery. One of the greatest needs of today's worker is to have a feeling that he is in control of his workplace and not vice-versa. The best way is to satisfy this need as far as possible. He must feel first, that his work is meaningful. To do this the supervisor must delegate responsibility and limited authority for the man to execute his job well. The subordinate must be properly trained to assume responsibility and authority. Once he is ready to assume these he can be made accountable for his job. Very often supervisors assume all responsibility and accountability for fear of losing control of the workplace. This makes workers under him pawns in a vast chessboard. Delegating accountability gives the worker a purpose in life and the need to do a job well. Most important is to sit with each worker and chalk out common objectives and agreed norms to achieve them. This gives workers security as to what is expected of them. When he has met his objectives he certainly has a feeling of achievement. This feeling of achievement is the greatest motivator

Question:

1: A human attitude on the part of the supervisor towards his staff is necessary to

(a) get them to work

(b) keep them happy

(c) have a congenial atmosphere at the workplace

(d) get the best out of them

Question:

2:  Responsibility and accountability make a worker

(a) shirk his duties

(b) do his job properly

(c) tense and frightened

(d) vulnerable before his supervisors

Question:

3: Supervisors do not delegate responsibility and authority to their subordinates because

(a) subordinates are not capable enough

(b) they can't trust their subordinates

(c) they are apprehensive of losing their hold on the place of work

(d) the final responsibility is theirs

Question:

4. Orientation of subordinates on common objectives and how to achieve them is

(a) not very important

(b) a must

(c) not at all necessary

(d) optional

Question:

5. The greatest motivator is

(a) a good supervisor

(b) a good environment

(c) a sense of security

(d) fulfillment of purpose

ND5-07-2023

Explanation

Comprehensive paragraph: 

Seismologists have devised two scales of measurement to enable them to describe and record information about earthquakes in quantitative terms. The most widely known measurement is the Richter scale, a numerical logarithmic scale developed and introduced by American seismologist Charles R. Richter in 1935. The purpose of the scale of the sale is to measure the amplitude of the largest trace recorded by a standard seismograph one hundred kilometers from the epicenter of an earthquake. Tables have been formulated to demonstrate the magnitude of any earthquake from any seismograph. For example, a one-unit increase in magnitude translates into an increase of times thirty in released energy. To put that another way, each number on the Richter scale represents an earthquake ten times as strong as one of the next lower magnitude. Specifically, an earthquake of magnitude 6 is ten times as strong as an earthquake of 5 magnitude 5. On the Richer scale, earthquakes of 6.75 are considered great and 7.0 to 7.75 are considered major. An earthquake that reads 4 to 5.5 would be expected to have caused localized damage, and those of magnitude 2 may be felt. The other earthquake-assessment scale, introduced by the Italian seismologist Giuseppe Mercalli, measures the intensity of shaking, using gradations from 1 to 12. Because the effects of such shaking dissipate with distance from the epicenter of the earthquake, the Marcalli 2 or 3 are basically the same as those of Richter 3 or 4; measurements of 11 or 12 on the Mercalli scale can be roughly correlated with magnitudes of 8 or 9 on the Richter scale. In either case, the relative power or energy released by the earthquake can understand, and the population waits to hear how bad the earthquake that just passed really was. It is estimated that almost one million earthquakes occur each year, but most of them are so minor that they pass undetected. In fact, more than one thousand earthquakes of a magnitude of 2 or lower on the Richter scale occur every day. 

Question:

1: what is the value of the tables?

a. they allow us to interpret the magnitude of earthquakes

b. they tell us to calculate the distance from

c.they record earthquakes all earthquakes

d. they release the energy of earthquakes 

Question: 

2: according to information in the passage what does the Richard scale record?

a. the distance from the epicenter

b. the amplitude of the largest trace

c. the degree of damage

d. the location of the epicenter

Questions:

3: The word standard in the paragraph could be replaced by

a.reliable

b.complex

c.conventional

d.abandoned

Question:

4: the word "undetected" used in the passage is the closest meaning to:

a. with no damage

b. with no notice

c. with no name

d. with no problem

Question:

5: The passage discusses all of the following in the explanation of the Richest scale except:

a. it was introduced in 1935

b. it was developed by an American Seismologist

c. It has a scale of 1 to 2

d. It measures the magnitude of earthquakes

*******

ND5-07-2023

Explanation

 PRODUCTIVE پیداواری 

Destructive تباہ کن

Explanation

extension توسیع

subtraction  گھٹاؤ

ND23-6-2023

Explanation

The tip is the additional money given to the waiter for good service.

Similarly, a bonus is an additional money given to the worker for good service

Waiter means خدمت گار

Tip means بخشیش

Worker means کام کرنے والا

Bonus انعام یا عطیہ (جو کام والے کو دیا جائے)

ND27-7-2023

Explanation

His master often connives at his follies.

اس کا آقا اکثر اس کی حماقتوں پر اکتفا کرتا ہے۔

 "at". In the given sentence, it is given that the subject's master often ignores the subject's follies.

At is a preposition used after a verb (connives) to show that somebody tries to do something