Explanation

• The Iran nuclear agreement, officially called the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), was concluded on 14 July 2015.
• It involved Iran and the P5+1 countries: China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Germany.
• The agreement aimed to limit Iran’s nuclear activities in exchange for sanctions relief.

Last verified on 30-10-2026

Explanation

• The United States conducted the world’s first nuclear test, code-named Trinity, on 16 July 1945.
• The test took place in the Jornada del Muerto desert in New Mexico, USA.
• The experiment was part of the Manhattan Project, a secret American-led programme to develop atomic weapons during World War II.

Additional information:

• Soviet Union: 1949
• United Kingdom: 1952
• China: 1964

Last verified on 22-10-2026

Explanation

• India conducted its first nuclear test on May 18, 1974
• Codename: Smiling Buddha (or Pokhran-I).
• Location: Pokhran, Rajasthan, India.
• Type: Plutonium fission device.
• Smiling Buddha, other name Pokhran-I 
• Number of tests 1

Last updated by NA on 24-April-2026

Explanation

• PNRA is Pakistan’s independent regulatory authority responsible for regulating the safety and security of nuclear installations and radiation-related activities.
• PNRA stands for Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority.
• It was established in 2001 under the Pakistan Nuclear Regulatory Authority Ordinance.

Last verified on 21-10-2026

Explanation

• In March 1976, Pakistan and France signed an agreement for a plutonium-based reprocessing plant at Chashma.
• The deal included a 600 MW power plant.
• France canceled the deal in August 1978.

Additional information:

• Pakistan began developing nuclear weapons in 1972 under Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.
• Pakistan conducted nuclear tests in 1998.
• It is now considered a nuclear weapon state.

Last verified on 15-10-2026

Explanation

• Pakistan’s Fatah-II guided rocket system has a reported range of approximately 400 kilometres.
• Test date: 27 December 2023.

Additional information:

• Fatah-I: 140–150 km
• Fatah-IV: 750 km (cruise missile)

Last verified on 14-10-2026

Explanation

• Chandrayaan-3 is India's lunar mission.
• It was successfully landed on the Moon on 23 August 2023.
• It was launched on 14 July 2023
• It was launched from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.
• India became the first country to achieve a soft landing near the Moon's south pole.
• Space Agency: Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
• Lander & Rover: Vikram (Lander) and Pragyan (Rover)
• "Chandrayaan" is a Sanskrit word meaning "Mooncraft."

Last verified on 12-07-2026

Explanation

Pakistan successfully test-fired an extended-range version of the indigenously developed Fatah-4 ground-launched cruise missile on October 6, 2026.

Weapon Type: Ground-launched cruise missile (GLCM).

Key Features: Equipped with advanced avionics and state-of-the-art navigational aids.

Objective: Validated additional technical parameters, improved accuracy, and enhanced survivability sub-systems.

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Explanation

Pakistan successfully test-fired an extended-range version of the indigenously developed Fatah-4 ground-launched cruise missile on October 6, 2026.

Weapon Type: Ground-launched cruise missile (GLCM).

Key Features: Equipped with advanced avionics and state-of-the-art navigational aids.

Objective: Validated additional technical parameters, improved accuracy, and enhanced survivability sub-systems.

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Explanation

• Pakistan conducted its first nuclear test at the Ras Koh Hills in the Chagai Hills, Balochistan, on 28 May 1998.
• 5 Nuclear tests were conducted by Pakistan at 15:15 hrs PST on 28 May 1998.
• Chagai-I was Pakistan's first public test of nuclear weapons.

Additional information:

• Chagai-II is the codename assigned to the second atomic test conducted by Pakistan, carried out on 30 May 1998.
• These tests followed the Chagai-I series.
• The test site was Kharan Desert, Pakistan.
• The number of tests is 1.

Last verified on 30-03-2026