Explanation

• Paradise Lost is an epic poem written by John Milton in 1667.
• It narrates the biblical story of the Fall of Man.
• The language is highly elevated, formal, and dignified.
• Milton uses classical epic conventions and grand expressions.
• The style is serious, majestic, and heroic in tone.

Last verified on 23-05-2026

Explanation

• Hard Times is a novel by Charles Dickens published in 1854.
• The school episode shows Gradgrind’s educational system.
• It emphasizes facts, figures, and strict utilitarian principles.
• Imagination, emotions, and creativity are completely ignored.
• Dickens criticizes this rigid and mechanical system of education.

Last verified on 23-05-2026

Explanation

• William Wordsworth wrote the Preface to Lyrical Ballads in 1800.
• He rejected classical poetic rules and emphasized natural expression.
• Poetry, for him, comes from deep emotions and personal experience.
• It is shaped when strong feelings are remembered in a calm state.
• This idea became a key principle of Romantic poetry.

Last verified on 23-05-2026

Explanation

• Mrs. Dalloway is a modernist novel by Virginia Woolf published in 1925.
• The novel focuses on a single day in the life of Clarissa Dalloway.
• Time is not shown as fixed or clock-based but as flowing thoughts and memories.
• It shifts between present moments and inner psychological experiences.
• This reflects modernist narrative style.

Last verified on 23-05-2026

Explanation

Explanation

• A Modest Proposal is a satirical essay written by Jonathan Swift in 1729.
• It uses extreme irony to criticize British policy toward the Irish people.
• The essay suggests a shocking idea of eating children to highlight social injustice.
• It is a powerful example of harsh and bitter satire.
• The tone is serious but meaning is opposite (ironic criticism).

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Explanation

Dramatic irony occurs when:

• Audience knows the truth
• Characters are unaware

It creates suspense, humor, or tragedy.

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Explanation

• Endorse means تصدیق کرنا / توثیق کرنا

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Explanation

• Blank verse is a major form of English poetry.
• It follows a strict meter but does not use rhyme.
• The most common meter is iambic pentameter.
• It is widely used in plays and long poems.
• It gives a natural speech-like rhythm.

Last verified on 23-05-2026

Explanation

• Metaphysical poetry is a complex and intellectual form of poetry.
• It explores deep philosophical and abstract ideas.
• Common themes include love, spirituality, life, and death.
• It often uses unusual comparisons called “conceits.”
• This style was popular in the 17th century.

Last verified on 23-05-2026