The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in 1997 and entered into force on 16 February 2005 under the UNFCCC.
It followed Common but Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR), requiring developed countries to lead emission reductions due to their historical emissions and greater resources.
It set legally binding greenhouse-gas reduction targets for developed countries and economies in transition, not the same targets for all developing countries.
First commitment period: 2008–2012.
Second commitment period: 2013–2020, under the Doha Amendment.
Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif visited Saudi Arabia from 6–8 August 2026 to strengthen Pakistan–Saudi Arabia bilateral relations and discuss regional and international developments of mutual interest.
The visit aimed to deepen strategic cooperation, improve coordination on regional and international issues, and reinforce multilateral cooperation.
The visit took place amid heightened tensions in the Gulf, making regional security and diplomatic coordination important discussion areas.
بھارت اور پاکستان کے درمیان کون سا دوطرفہ معاہدہ دونوں جوہری حریف ممالک کو اپنی جوہری تنصیبات کی فہرست ہر سال ایک دوسرے کے ساتھ تبادلہ کرنے کا پابند کرتا ہے؟
Creation of Hotlines between DGMO
Pre-Notification of Ballistic Missile Flight Tests
Agreement on the Prohibition of Attack Against Nuclear Installations and Facilities
The Agreement on the Prohibition of Attack Against Nuclear Installations and Facilities was signed on 31 December 1988 and entered into force on 27 January 1991.
Both countries exchange their lists through diplomatic channels on 1 January every year.
This practice began on 1 January 1992.
The agreement is a confidence-building measure intended to help prevent attacks on each other’s declared nuclear installations and facilities.
The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is a regional intergovernmental organisation focused on security, economic cooperation, and regional stability.
India and Pakistan both became full members of the SCO in 2017.
