Explanation

• The Mamluk (Slave) Dynasty was the first dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate.
• It was founded by Qutb-ud-din Aibak in 1206 AD.

Additional information:

1. Mamluk Dynasty: 1206–1290
2. Khilji Dynasty: 1290–1320
3. Tughlaq Dynasty: 1320–1414
4. Sayyid Dynasty: 1414–1451
5. Lodi Dynasty: 1451–1526

Last verified on 05-10-2026

Explanation

• Karez is the irrigation system of Balochistan.
• This ancient method involves underground channels that transport water from aquifers to the surface.
• It providing a sustainable water supply in arid regions.

Last verified on 05-10-2026

Explanation

Explanation

√64 = 8

8 + 3 = 11.

Last verified on 05-10-2026

Explanation

• A pixel (picture element) is the smallest addressable element of a digital image or display screen.
• A screen is made up of millions of pixels arranged in rows and columns.

Additional information:

• Byte: A unit of digital data, normally 8 bits.
• Bit: The smallest unit of digital data, represented as 0 or 1.

Last verified on 05-10-2026

Explanation

• Bill Gates is the co-founder of Microsoft, along with Paul Allen in 1975.
• He is an American businessman, software developer, and philanthropist.
• He belongs to the United States of America (USA).
• He was conferred the Hilal-e-Pakistan on February 17, 2022, for his services in public health and philanthropy.

Last verified on 05-10-2026

Explanation

• Community consists of populations of different species living and interacting in the same area.

Additional information:

• Population → members of the same species
• Ecosystem → community + non-living environment
• Biosphere → all ecosystems on Earth

Last verified on 05-10-2026

Explanation

• General Sahir Shamshad Mirza is identified as the last CJCSC of Pakistan
• Role: He was the 18th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee.
• Tenure: 27 November 2022 – 27 November 2025

Explanation

• The Salt Range is situated south of the Pothohar Plateau.
• Southern edge of the Pothohar Plateau and north of the Jhelum River.

Additional information:

• Region: Northern Punjab
• Highest peak: Sakesar
• Highest elevation: About 1,522 m
• Important rivers: Soan and Jhelum
• Famous for: Large deposits of rock salt, especially the Khewra Salt Mine.

Last verified on 05-10-2026

Explanation

• Major minerals: Copper and Gold
• Location: Chagai District, Balochistan
• Project: Reko Diq Mining Project
• Region: Tethyan Magmatic Belt
• Significance: One of the world's major undeveloped copper-gold deposits.

Last verified on 04-10-2026