Explanation

• Topology in networking refers to the physical or logical arrangement of connected devices and their communication links in a network.
• Network topology describes how computers, devices, and network connections are arranged.
• Common topologies include Star, Bus, Ring, Mesh, and Tree.

Additional information:

• Star topology: Devices connect to a central hub or switch.
• Ring topology: Devices are connected in a circular arrangement.
• Mesh topology: Devices have multiple connections, providing high reliability.

Last verified on 10-08-2026

Explanation

• The language that the computer can understand and execute directly is called Machine Language.
• Machine language consists of instructions in binary digits (0s and 1s).
• It is the lowest-level programming language.
• It is directly understood by the CPU.
• Assembly language uses mnemonics and must be translated by an assembler.

Last verified on 10-08-2026

Explanation

• Assembly language is a low-level language that is closely related to the computer's machine language.
• It uses mnemonics such as MOV, ADD, and SUB instead of binary instructions.
• An assembler converts assembly language into machine code.

Additional information:

• BASIC, COBOL, and FORTRAN are generally classified as high-level languages.
• C and C++ are generally classified as high-level languages, although they provide low-level programming capabilities.

Last verified on 10-08-2026

Explanation

• The combination of keys used for restarting the computer is Ctrl + Alt + Delete.

Additional information:

• Alt + F4: Opens the shutdown dialog from the desktop.
• Windows + X: Opens the Quick Link menu.
• Restart: Closes the current Windows session and starts it again.
• Shut Down: Completely turns off the computer.

Last verified on 10-09-2026

Explanation

• Keyboard is not software; it is a hardware device used for input.
• Software refers to programs that run on a computer.
• Operating System, Drivers, and Word Processor are all software types.
• Hardware includes physical components you can touch.
• Keyboard is used to enter data into the computer.

Last verified on 08-06-2026

Explanation

• A standard single-sided, single-layer DVD holds 4.7 GB of data.
• A double-layer DVD can store up to 9.4 GB.
• A single-layer HD-DVD holds 15 GB of data.
• A dual-layer HD-DVD provides up to 30 GB of storage capacity.

Last verified on 10-08-2026

Explanation

• GUI stands for Graphical User Interface.
• It uses icons, windows, and menus for interaction.
• It is easier to use than command-based interfaces.
• MS-DOS and Apple DOS are command-line interfaces.

Last verified on 11-04-2026

Explanation

• Multi-tasking provides process and memory management services that allow two or more tasks, jobs, or programs to run simultaneously.
• The operating system manages CPU time, memory, and other resources among the running tasks.

Additional information:

• Multiprocessing refers to using two or more processors/CPU cores to execute processes.
• Multithreading allows multiple threads within a process to execute concurrently.
• Multicomputing involves using multiple separate computers or computing systems.

Last verified on 10-08-2026

Explanation

• The Recycle Bin temporarily stores deleted files and folders in Windows.
• Files in the Recycle Bin can usually be restored to their original location.
• Choosing Empty Recycle Bin permanently removes the stored items.

Last verified on 10-08-2026

Explanation

• Selecting "No Outline" removes or hides the border of a shape.
• This option is available in applications like MS Word or PowerPoint.
• It leaves the shape without a visible border.

Last verified on 10-08-2026