Explanation

• On 7 October 1958, President Iskander Mirza abrogated the 1956 Constitution.
• He dissolved the national and provincial assemblies, and imposed Martial Law.
• He appointed General Muhammad Ayub Khan as the first Chief Martial Law Administrator (CMLA).

Additional information:

• Promulgated: 23 March 1956
• Official & National Languages: Urdu and Bengali
• Official & National Languages: Urdu and Bengali
• Governor-General replaced by: President
• Minimum Age for President: 40 years
• Form of Government: Parliamentary
• Articles / Parts / Schedules: 234 Articles, 13 Parts, 6 Schedules

Last verified on 21-07-2026

Explanation

• Country: Australia
• Name: Great Barrier Reef
• Location: Coral Sea, off Queensland
• Length: Over 2,300 km (1,400 miles)
• Area: Approximately 344,400 km² (133,000 sq mi)
• The reef consists of around 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands.
• It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, inscribed in 1981.

Last verified on 20-07-2026

Explanation

• Headquarters: Rome, Italy
• Full Name: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
• Founded: 16 October 1945
• Founder: United Nations (UN)
• Official Languages: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish
• Purpose: Eliminate hunger, improve nutrition, food security, agriculture, fisheries, and forestry worldwide.

Last verified on 25-01-2026

Explanation

• Bicameral means a two-house legislature.
• It was introduced in the 1973 Constitution.
• The Parliament consists of:
• National Assembly (Lower House)
• Senate (Upper House)
• The National Assembly represents the population.
• The Senate gives equal representation to all provinces.
• This system strengthens democracy and federalism.

Additional information:

• 1956 → Unicameral (Only National Assembly)
• 1962 → Unicameral

Last updated 17 july 2026 by NA

Explanation

• The Berlin Wall fell on 9 November 1989.
• It separated East Germany and West Germany during the Cold War.
• The fall symbolized the end of division in Europe.
• It marked the beginning of the end of the Cold War.
• Germany was officially reunified on 3 October 1990.

Additional information:

• Start of construction → 13 August 1961
• Length of wall → 155 km
• Height → 3.6 meters

Last verified on 20-04-2026

Explanation

• India hosted the first-ever Asian Games in 1951.
• The Games were held in New Delhi from 4–11 March 1951.
• The Asian Games are organized every four years.
• They are the largest multi-sport event in Asia.
• The official motto of the Asian Games is "Ever Onward."

Last verified on 17-07-2026

Explanation

• The tomb of Baba Bulleh Shah is located in Kasur, Punjab, Pakistan.
• His real name was Syed Abdullah Shah Qadri.
• He was a famous Punjabi Sufi poet, philosopher, and reformer.
• Born: 1680, Uch Sharif (present-day Punjab, Pakistan)
• Died: 1757, Kasur

Last verified on 17-07-2026

Explanation

• Headquarters: Washington, D.C., USA
• Established: Bretton Woods Conference, 1944
• Headquarters: Washington, D.C., USA
• Members: 189 countries
• Purpose / Aim: Provide loans and grants for development projects

Partner Institutions (5):

1. IBRO (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development)
2. IDA (International Development Association)
3. IFC (International Finance Corporation)
4. MIGA (Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency)
5. ICSID (International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes)

Pakistan Joined: 1950

Publications: Human Capital Index, World Development Report

Last verified on 18-01-2026

Explanation

• Vatican City is the smallest country in the world.
• It is a city-state surrounded by Rome, Italy.
• Land Area: About 0.44 to 0.49 square kilometers (109 acres)
• Population: Around 800 to 900 people
• It serves as the headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church.
• It is located in Europe.

Additional information:

• Smallest Muslim country: Brunei
• Smallest republic: Nauru
• Smallest SAARC country: Maldives
• Largest Muslim country (population): Indonesia

Last updated by NS on 5-09-2026

Explanation

• Sir Muhammad Zafrullah Khan was the first Foreign Minister of Pakistan.
• He served from 27 December 1947 to 24 October 1954.
• Preceded by: Liaquat Ali Khan (acting role before formal ministry setup)
• Succeeded by: Muhammad Ali Bogra
• Party: All India Muslim League

Last verified on 23-06-2026