Explanation

The Demoiselle crane is a migratory bird that visits Pakistan

Demoiselle Crane ( Anthropoides virgo):

This species breeds in central Eurasia, ranging from the Black Sea to Mongolia and northeast China. 

Migration:

Demoiselle cranes are migratory birds, and those from Asia, Mongolia, and China spend the winter in the Indian subcontinent, including Pakistan. 

Explanation

 The heartbeat is normally initiated by the sinoatrial (SA) node, a group of specialized cells in the right atrium, acting as the heart's natural pacemaker. 

Explanation

 Yellow fever → Spread by Aedes mosquitoes.

Dengue fever → Spread by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.

Malaria → Spread by Anopheles mosquitoes.

Viral fever → Caused by different viruses but is not vector-borne; it spreads through direct contact, droplets, or contaminated surfaces

Explanation

 The group of individuals of the same species living in the same area, whether of the same age or not, is called a population. 

Explanation

The symbiotic relationship between algae and fungi on bare rocks, forming a composite organism, is called a lichen. 

Lichens are not single organisms but rather a composite of two: A fungus and an algae or cyanobacteria. 

Explanation

Cud-chewing animals like cattle, deer, and sheep are known as Ruminants

Ruminants: are herbivorous mammals, like cows, sheep, and goats, that have a specialized digestive system allowing them to process plant matter efficiently by regurgitating and chewing food, a process called rumination. 

Herbivores: are animals that eat primarily plants. 

Carnivores: are animals that eat primarily meat. 

Omnivores: are animals that eat both plants and animals

Explanation

 A Geiger counter is a device used to detect and measure ionizing radiation, commonly used to monitor levels of radioactivity in an environment.

Explanation

 Strict Natural Reserves are areas set aside for the protection of biodiversity and natural geological features, with very strict regulations prohibiting human activities to ensure minimal disturbance.

Explanation

Xerosere is a type of succession that occurs in dry or desert areas, starting from bare land

It involves a gradual, staged transition from bare, xeric conditions to a stable, mature, and moisture-retaining climax forest community

Explanation

 Xerophytes:

The dominant vegetation types are plants that are adapted to arid environments and can survive with minimal rainfall. 

Common Genera:

Grasses: Lasiurus, Cenchrus, Sporobolus, Cymbopogon, and Panicum. 

Shrubs: Suaeda, Capparis, Calligonum, Leptadenia, Salsola & Haloxylon. 

Trees: Prosopis, Tamarix, Zizyphus, and Acacia. 

Specific Plant Species:

Lana (Haloxylon salicornicum) 

Karir (Capparis aphylla) 

Phog (Calligonum polygonoides)