Explanation

• Captain Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed was the first soldier to be awarded the Nishan-e-Haider
• Born: 10 November 1910, Singhori village, Rawalpindi District
• Died: 27 July 1948 (aged 37), Uri, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
• Buried: Hill of Tilpatra near Uri, Jammu and Kashmir in India
• Service years: 1929–1948
• Allegiance
• British India (1929–1947)
• Pakistan (1947–1948)

Nishan-e-Haider has been awarded to 11 soldiers since Pakistan's independence in 1947.

1. Captain Muhammad Sarwar (1948, Kashmir)
2. Naik Saif Ali Janjua (1948, Kashmir)
3. Major Tufail Muhammad (1958, East Pakistan)
4. Major Raja Aziz Bhatti (1965, Indo-Pak War)
5. Pilot Officer Rashid Minhas (1971, Indo-Pak War)
6. Major Muhammad Akram (1971, Indo-Pak War)
7. Major Shabbir Sharif (1971, Indo-Pak War)
8. Sowar Muhammad Hussain (1971, Indo-Pak War)
9. Lance Naik Muhammad Mahfuz (1971, Indo-Pak War)
10. Captain Karnal Sher Khan (1999, Kargil War)
11. Havildar Lalak Jan (1999, Kargil War)

Explanation

• Per capita water availability in Pakistan is decreasing by 400pc.
• Due to population growth and diminishing water resources.
• This leading to increased concerns over water scarcity.

Last verified on 27-01-2026

Explanation

The Arab League Headquarters is located in Cairo, Egypt

It  is a regional organization in the Arab World 

Official languages Arabic

Founded: March 22, 1945

Members: 22

Explanation

• China attacked India in 1962, starting the Sino-Indian War.
• It lasted from October 20 to November 20.
• The war was fought over the disputed Aksai Chin region.
• China was able to defeat the Indian forces and occupy the territory.

Last verified on 17-01-2026

Explanation

• Founder: Mark Zuckerberg
• Founded in: February 4, 2004
• Headquarters: Menlo Park, California, USA
• Users (2023): Over 3 billion monthly active users
• Parent Company: Meta Platforms Inc.

Last verified on 16-01-2026

Explanation

FIFA World Cup 2010:

Host country: South Africa

Dates: 11 June – 11 July

Teams: 32 (from 6 confederations)

Venue(s): 10 (in 9 host cities)

Best player(s): Uruguay Diego Forlán

Best goalkeeper: Spain Iker Casillas

Final positions

• Champions: Spain (1st title)
• Runners-up: Netherlands
• Third place: Germany
• Fourth place: Uruguay

The last FIFA World Cup was held in Australia on 20 August 2023 and Spain won. 

The 2026 World Cup will take place in three host countries: Canada, Mexico, and the USA.

Explanation

Silicon Valley, in the southern Area of California.

Silicon Valley is a nickname for San Francisco.

It is home to many start-ups and global technology companies.

Apple, Facebook, and Google are among the most prominent.

Explanation

Silicon Valley (California) is globally renowned as a hub for technology and innovation.

It particularly in the development of computers, software, and high-tech companies.

Major tech firms like Apple, Google, and Intel are headquartered there.

Explanation

The largest Coal coal-producing country in the World is China

**

China: Remains the dominant global producer, with its output in 2024 being around 4.78 billion tonnes.  

India: Ranks as the second-largest producer, with its output in 2024 around 1.085 billion tonnes.  

Indonesia: Is the third-largest producer, with about 836.1 million tonnes in 2024.  

United States: Ranks fourth, producing 464.6 million tonnes in 2024.  

Russia: Is another major producer, with 508.19 million tonnes in 2025.

Explanation

In 1979,  Dr. Abdul Salam won the Nobel Prize for physics.

He was the second Muslim and first Pakistani scientist to get the Nobel Prize.

He won 12 Awards with his wife.

1. Copley Medal: 1990
2. Royal Medal: 1978
3. Hughes Medal: 1964
4. Pride of Performance: 1958
5. Nishan-e-Imtiaz
6. Adams Prize: 1958
7. Lomonosov Gold Medal: 1983
8. Atoms for Peace Award
9. Gold Medal for Outstanding Contributions to Physics: 1981
10. Smith's Prize for Essay: 1950
11. Jožef Stefan Medal: 1980
12. Cristoforo Colombo Prize: 1992

Additional information 

As of 2018, there have been two Pakistanis who have won the Nobel Prize.

• First was Pakistani physicist Abdus Salam
• Second was Malala Yousafzai