Explanation

• Linux is based on open-source software.
• It is a Unix-like operating system.
• Created by: Linus Torvalds (1991).
• It is widely used in servers, mobile devices, and supercomputers.

Last updated 18-07-2026 by NA

Explanation

• CPU: The brain of the computer.
• Full Form: Central Processing Unit.
• Function: Processes data and executes instructions.
• First Commercial CPU: Intel 4004.
• Released: 1971 by Intel.
• Key Designer: Federico Faggin.

Last updated by NA ON 16-09-2026

Explanation

• Modem is a computer hardware device used for communication over a network.
• Modem stands for Modulator-Demodulator.
• A modem converts digital data into signals suitable for transmission.
• It also converts incoming signals back into digital data.
• Modems are commonly used to provide Internet connectivity.

Last verified on 15-09-2026

Explanation

• Junk mail is also called spam.
• The name comes from an old Monty Python comedy sketch.
• It is commonly used for ads, scams, or fake promotions.
  

Additional information:

• Spoof means pretending to be another sender (email spoofing).
• Email services use spam filters to block junk mail automatically.

Explanation

• PowerPoint is used to create multimedia presentations.
• Combines text, images, audio, video, animations, and charts.
• Developed by Microsoft.
• File extension: .pptx

Last updated on 14-09-2026

Explanation

Shift + F3 → Changes text case in MS Word.

It cycles through:

• lowercase
• UPPERCASE
• Capitalize Each Word

Additional information:

MS Word — Useful Shortcuts

• Ctrl + B → Bold
• Ctrl + I → Italic
• Ctrl + U → Underline
• Ctrl + C → Copy
• Ctrl + X → Cut
• Ctrl + V → Paste
• Ctrl + Z → Undo
• Ctrl + Y → Redo
• Ctrl + S → Save
• Ctrl + P → Print
• Ctrl + A → Select All

Explanation

• A half-byte, also known as a nibble.
• Size: It consists of 4 bits, which is exactly half of an 8-bit byte.
• It can represent 16 different values, from 0000 to 1111.
• It is also called a tetrade, quadbit, or semi-octet

Last updated NA on 10-09-2026

Explanation

• ORACLE is a Database Management System (DBMS) used for storing, retrieving, and managing data in databases.
• ORACLE is specifically designed to handle database operations.

Last verified on 08-09-2026

Explanation

• Cache Memory — the buffer between CPU and RAM.

  • Stores frequently used data for quick CPU access
  • Faster but smaller than RAM
  • Falls between the CPU and main memory
  • Has levels (L1, L2, L3) — L1 is fastest/closest to CPU
  • Reduces memory access time, boosting performance

Additional information:

• RAM = the main memory itself
• ROM = read-only, holds firmware (BIOS)
• SRAM = a type used to build cache, not the buffer itself

Last updated 07-09-2026 by NA

Explanation

MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): City or district coverage

• LAN (Local Area Network): Small area, e.g., home, office
• WAN (Wide Area Network): Covers countries or continents, e.g., Internet
• PAN (Personal Area Network): Very small area, e.g., devices connected via Bluetooth