Explanation

• Transistors were the core technology used in second-generation computers.
• The University of Manchester's experimental Transistor Computer was first operational in November 1953

Additional information:

The five generations of computers:

1. First Generation (1946-1959 or 1940-1956): Vacuum tube-based technology (e.g., ENIAC).
2. Second Generation (1959-1965 or 1956-1963): Transistor-based technology.
3. Third Generation (1965-1971 or 1964-1971): Integrated circuit-based technology.
4. Fourth Generation (1972-1980): VLSI microprocessor-based technology.
5. Fifth Generation (1980-present): ULSI microprocessor-based technology, with a focus on artificial intelligence.

Explanation

• Charles Babbage is known as the Father of the Computer.
• He designed the more advanced Analytical Engine, which featured a "Mill" (CPU) and a "Store" (memory).

Additional information:

• He was an English polymath.
• Born: 26 December 1791 London, England
• Died: 18 October 1871 (aged 79) London, England

Last updated by NA on 06-11-2026

Explanation

• Multi-tasking provides process and memory management services that allow two or more tasks, jobs, or programs to run simultaneously.
• The operating system manages CPU time, memory, and other resources among the running tasks.

Additional information:

• Multiprocessing refers to using two or more processors/CPU cores to execute processes.
• Multithreading allows multiple threads within a process to execute concurrently.
• Multicomputing involves using multiple separate computers or computing systems.

Last verified on 10-08-2026

Explanation

• MS Windows is an operating system (OS) developed by Microsoft.
• An operating system manages computer hardware, software, files, and system resources.
• Other examples of operating systems include Linux, macOS, Android, and iOS.

Last verified on 06-10-2026

Explanation

• The primary function of an Operating System kernel is to manage hardware and system resources.
• It acts as a bridge between hardware and software applications.
• Kernel controls CPU, memory, and input/output devices.
• It ensures smooth execution of all programs.
• It is the core part of the operating system.

Last verified on 09-06-2026