Explanation

• Conquered during: Hazrat Uthman’s (RA) caliphate.
• Campaign led by: Amir Muawiya (RA).
• Year: 649 CE (28 AH).
• Importance: One of the first major Muslim naval expeditions.
• Opposing power: Byzantine Empire.
• Tribute: Approximately 7,000 dinars annually.

Last updated on 30 Oct 2026

Explanation

• Caliphate: During the reign of Hazrat Umar (RA).
• Battle of Yarmouk: Fought between the Byzantine Empire and Muslim forces under Khalid bin Waleed.
• Dates: August 15 to August 20, 636 AD.
• Location: Near the Yarmouk River.
• Result: Decisive victory for the Muslims, marking the end of Byzantine rule in Syria.

Last verified on 27-04-2026

Explanation

• Start Year: 35 AH / 656 CE

• End Year: 40 AH / 661 CE

• Duration: About 4 years and 9 months

• Preceded by: Martyrdom of Hazrat Uthman (R.A.)

Additional information:

1. Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A.): 632–634 AD

2. Hazrat Umar ibn al-Khattab (R.A.): 634–644 AD

3. Hazrat Usman ibn Affan (R.A.): 644–656 AD

4. Hazrat Ali ibn Abi Talib (R.A.): 656–661 AD

Last verified on 14-10-2026

Explanation

• The Al-Hudaibiyah Treaty was signed in 6 AH for 10 years.
  
• It was scribed by Ali ibn Abi Talib (R.A).
• Hudaibiyah is the name of tree.
• It is referred to as "Fatah Al-Mubeen" (the clear victory) in Surah Al-Fatah.
• It was a pivotal agreement between Muhammad SAW representing Medina and the Qurayshi tribe of Mecca.
• Suhail bin Amr signed on behalf of Mecca.
• It contained 7 clauses.

Last verified on 01-04-2026

Explanation

• Abdulmecid II: Last Caliph of the Ottoman dynasty. 
• Reign as Caliph: 1922–1924
• He was the 40th Head of the House of Osman
• Ottoman Sultanate: Abolished in 1922.
• Last Ottoman Sultan: Mehmed VI.
• Ottoman Caliphate: Abolished in 1924.