Explanation

• Bolting is the rapid growth of the flowering stem (inflorescence).
• Observed in sugarbeet, where the plant shifts from vegetative to reproductive stage.
• Causes reduced root yield and sugar content.
• Triggered by long day conditions or stress.
• Important to manage for better crop harvest.

Last verified on 12-02-2026

Explanation

• Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the most widely grown wheat worldwide.
• It has six sets of chromosomes (hexaploid, 2n = 6x = 42).
• Hexaploid nature gives it genetic diversity and high yield potential.
• Originated from natural hybridization between tetraploid wheat and wild grass.
• Used mainly for bread, flour, and bakery products.

Last verified on 12-02-2026

Explanation

• Root crops are plants where the edible part grows underground.
• Carrot is a taproot crop, rich in nutrients like beta-carotene.
• Root crops are important for food and nutrition.

Last verified on 12-02-2026

Explanation

• Photorespiration is a process where Rubisco enzyme reacts with O₂ instead of CO₂, reducing photosynthetic efficiency.
• It occurs mainly in C3 plants like wheat, rice, and soybean.
• Leads to loss of energy and fixed carbon in plants.
• More common in hot and dry conditions.

Last verified on 12-02-2026

Explanation

• C4 plants (e.g., maize, sugarcane) perform C4 photosynthesis to minimize photorespiration.
• The first enzyme to fix CO₂ is PEP carboxylase, forming a 4-carbon compound.
• This is different from C3 plants, where Rubisco fixes CO₂ first.
• PEP carboxylase has high affinity for CO₂ and does not react with O₂.
• Important for efficient photosynthesis in hot and dry climates.

Last verified on 12-02-2026

Explanation

• Sorghum is a cereal crop grown for food, fodder, and biofuel.
• Its flowers are arranged in a panicle inflorescence, a branched cluster of flowers.
• Panicles help in efficient pollination and seed formation.
• Commonly grown in arid and semi-arid regions.
• Important for human consumption and livestock feed.

Last verified on 12-02-2026

Explanation

• Botanically, a fruit develops from the flower and contains seeds.
• Tomato, pumpkin, and melon grow from flowers and have seeds → fruits.
• Potato is an underground stem (tuber), not a fruit.
• It is classified as a vegetable.
• Used mainly as a root/tuber crop.

Last verified on 12-02-2026

Explanation

• The following table provides the botanical names for a variety of familiar plants: 

Rice : Oryza sativa

• Apple : Malus domestica
• Carrot : Daucus carota
• Coconut : Cocos nucifera
• Cucumber : Cucumis sativus
• Ginger : Zingiber officinale
• Mango : Mangifera indica
• Oak tree : Quercus
• Onion : Allium cepa
• Potato : Solanum tuberosum
• Wheat : Triticum aestivum
• Rose : Rosa
• Sunflower : Helianthus annuus
• Tomato : Solanum lycopersicum

Explanation

• Crown gall is a bacterial disease caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
• It produces tumor-like growths (galls) on roots, stems, and crowns of plants.
• Commonly affects fruit trees, grapes, and ornamental plants.

Last verified on 11-02-2026

Explanation

• Triticum aestivum is the scientific name of common wheat.
• It is a major staple crop grown worldwide.
• Used for flour, bread, and other food products.
• Cultivated in Rabi season in countries like Pakistan.
• Belongs to the Poaceae (grass) family.

Last verified on 06-02-2026