Explanation

The book "Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty" (2012) is authored by:

Daron Acemoglu (MIT economist)

James A. Robinson (political scientist)

Nations fail or succeed based on inclusive vs. extractive institutions, not culture, geography, or ignorance.

Explanation

According the the United Nations World Metrological Organization (WMO), 2024 was the hottest year on record, with global temperatures reaching 1.55 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.

This was the first time the global average temperature exceeded 1.5°C above the 1850-1900 average.

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Explanation

About Nobel Prize in Physics 2024

Co-winners: John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton

Award given by: Royal Swedish Academy

Geoffrey Hinton is a British-Canadian computer scientist

Geoffrey Hinton is called the godfather of artificial intelligence (AI)

John Hopfield is an American scientist

Additional Information:

They are awarded Nobel Prize for foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks

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Explanation

1. Australia,
2. China,
3. the European Union,
4. Iran,
5. Japan,
6. Mauritius,
7. Myanmar,
8. South Korea
9. and the United States

Explanation

In February 2024, Buckingham Palace announced that King Charles III had been diagnosed with cancer during treatment for an enlarged prostate.

The specific type of cancer was not disclosed, but it was confirmed that it was not prostate cancer.

Explanation

The organisers of Anti-discriminatory Student Movement announced to launch a countrywide non-cooperation movement from 4 Aug 2024

Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina resigned over violent students-led protests

Resignation date: 5 August 2024

Since July 2024, Bangladesh has been engulfed by protests and violence as hundreds of thousands of students took to the streets against reserved quotas in government jobs.

The ‘Students Against Discrimination’ group led the demonstrations.

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Explanation

• Know everything about BRICS: 
• BRICS founded: June 2009
  
• BRICS Member countries: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates
  
• BRICS total members: 10 
• South Africa joined BRICS: 2010
• BRICS headquarters: Shanghai, China
• BRICS first conference hosted by: Russia (2009) 

Explanation

Bashar Al Asad became the president of Syria on July 17, 2000.

He is the 19th  and current president of Syria.

Succeeding his father Hafiz

Syria's Assad wins 4th term with 95% of vote

Explanation

About G20 summit 2023

Venue: New Delhi, India 

IMEC was formed during this summit.

IMEC stands for India- Middle East Europe Corridor

IMEC is envisioned as a network of transport corridors 

Indian PM Narendra Modi used nameplate: Bharat

Indian PM Narendra Modi handed over presidency to: Brazil

New member: African Union 

G20 new name: G21

Explanation

Monkeypox virus, a zoonotic orthodox DNA virus related to the virus that causes smallpox,

was first described in humans in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Mpox can spread from person to person or occasionally from animal to people

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Health officials have confirmed the first case of monkeypox (mpox) in Islamabad, Pakistan, as of April 21. 

ND17-7-2023