Explanation

Q. Define Ijma‘(consensus) and explain its different kinds. Can legislation by the parliament of an Islamic state be regarded as a valid consensus? (20 marks)

Definition of Ijma‘ (Consensus):

Ijma‘ refers to the unanimous agreement of Islamic scholars on a particular issue concerning Islamic law after the death of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).

It is considered one of the primary sources of Islamic jurisprudence.

Different Kinds of Ijma‘:

1. Ijma‘ of the Companions (Sahaba):
   

2. Ijma‘ of Scholars (Fuqaha):.

3. Ijma‘ of a Community:
   

4. Ijma‘ of a Region or State:
   

Can Legislation by Parliament of an Islamic State be Considered a Valid Consensus?

• Yes, under certain conditions:
  Legislation by an Islamic parliament can be regarded as a valid form of consensus if it aligns with the fundamental principles of Islam (Qur'an, Hadith, and Ijma‘) and is in the public interest (Maslaha). It must be backed by scholarly consensus and not contradict the established sources of Islamic law.

Explanation

Q. . Elaborate the rights of daughters granted by Islam and how these are denied by Muslims in the contemporary world. (20 marks)

Rights of Daughters in Islam:

1. Right to Life:
   

2. Right to Inheritance:
   

3. Right to Education:
   

4. Right to Marriage Choice:
   

5. Right to Respect and Honor:
   

6. Right to Financial Support:
   

7. Right to Independence:

   
   

   Denial of Daughters' Rights in the Contemporary World:

   1. Gender Discrimination in Inheritance:
      

   2. Limited Educational Opportunities:
      

   3. Forced Marriages:
      

   4. Cultural Devaluation:
      

   5. Denial of Financial Rights:
      

   6. Restrictions on Women’s Autonomy:

   
   

Explanation

Q.  Discuss the Holy Prophet’s ( صلى الله عليه وسلم ( Role as a Model for Military Strategy. (20 marks )

The Holy Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) exemplified a remarkable model of military strategy that combined wisdom, ethics, and tactical brilliance. Here are some key points:

1. Strategic Patience and Diplomacy:

   The Prophet (ﷺ) often prioritized peaceful resolutions, using treaties like the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah to secure peace and strategically strengthen Muslim influence.

2. Intelligence and Planning:

   He emphasized thorough intelligence gathering, often dispatching scouts to assess enemy strength and positioning before engaging in battle.

3. Innovative Tactics:

   In battles like Badr and Khandaq, the Prophet (ﷺ) introduced unique tactics, such as positioning near water sources and utilizing trench warfare, which surprised and weakened the enemy.

4. Moral Conduct in Warfare:

   He established ethical guidelines, forbidding harm to non-combatants, destruction of property, and cruelty, ensuring that military conduct remained humane and just.

5. Motivational Leadership:

   The Prophet (ﷺ) led by example on the battlefield, inspiring courage and unity among his soldiers, thereby strengthening morale and discipline.

6. Flexibility and Adaptability:

   He adapted his strategies based on the situation, as seen in the varying tactics of the battles of Uhud, Badr, and Hunayn, demonstrating a flexible approach to warfare.

7. Unity and Cohesion:

   Emphasizing brotherhood, he fostered unity among diverse tribes, creating a cohesive and loyal army dedicated to the cause.

Explanation

What is the Qur’anic argument on the Life Hereafter? What are its impacts on the individual and collective life of a human being? (20 marks)

Explanation

Explanation

Faran valley is situated in Makkah.

Explanation

Tayammum (Ablution with sand) order is in surah Maidah.

Wazu (Ablution) was ordered on  5 A.H

The acts which break the ablution are called Nawaqiz-e-Wazu

There are 6 Sunnah acts of ablution

There are 4 obligations for ablution.

13 Sunnah are in four obligations of Ablution

By Hazrat Jibrail (علیہ), Prophet ﷺ learnt Salat & ablution

وضو کے چار فرائض ہیں۔

نمبر 1: چہرہ دھونا

نمبر 2: دونوں ہاتھوں کو کہینیوں تک دھونا

نمبر 3: چوتھائی سر کا مسح کرنا

نمبر 4:پاوں کا ٹخنیوں سمیت دھونا

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Explanation

Explanation

Al-Abwā'  is a Hejazi village between Mecca and Medina belonging to the area of Rabigh, on the western coast of Saudi Arabia.

The Islamic Prophet Muhammad entered it before the Battle of Badr, in 2 Safar A.H.

Explanation

9th of Dhu'l-Hijjah: This is the Day of Arafat.

. After performing the dawn (Fajr) prayer at Mina, leave for Arafat on the morning of the 9th of Dhu'l-Hijjah.