Explanation

Ray Tomlinson, an American programmer, invented email 

When: 1971.

Where: Working for Bolt, Beranek and Newman (BBN) on the ARPANET.

Explanation

Brazilian football icon Pelé died on 29 December 2022

At the age of 82.

He was named athlete of the century by the International Olympic Committee in 1999.

He  is the only footballer in history to win three World Cups (1958, 1962 and 1970)

Pele retired in 1977.

Explanation

Explanation

António Guterres, who took office as the 9th Secretary-General of the United Nations

Term: 2017–present (re-elected for a second term beginning Jan 1, 2022)

Country: Portugal

Background: Politician and engineer, born in Lisbon 

He served as Portugal's Prime Minister from 1995 to 2002.

Explanation

Zohran Mamdani, 34, a progressive politician, took office as the 112th mayor of NYC.

On January 1, 2026

Additional information

The initial ceremony was conducted by NY Attorney General Letitia James

He used two copies of the Holy Quran, one belonging to his grandfather and another historically significant copy.

Explanation

Franz Kafka was a German-speaking Bohemian writer.

He is known for his novels and short stories 

Best known for: The Metamorphosis (1915), including The Trial (1925) and The Castle (1926).

Born: 3 July 1883 Prague, Austria-Hungary

Died: 3 June 1924 (aged 40) Klosterneuburg, Austria

Explanation

 Hahn is involved in the German project aimed at developing an atomic bomb.

History:

On December 21, 1938, German scientists Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann split uranium atoms

and were surprised to find several lighter products, including barium-141, instead of the heavy elements they had anticipated.

Additional information:

J. Robert Oppenheimer was called the "father of the atomic bomb".

Explanation

The king was deposed by Colonel Muammar Gaddafi in the September 1, 1969 coup

He was King Idris I, the first and only King of Libya,

He was overthrown in a bloodless revolution

He ruled Libya from its independence in 1951 until Gaddafi's coup in 1969, abolishing the monarchy.

Explanation

The phrase "Where wealth accumulates, men decay" comes from Irish poet Oliver Goldsmith's

In the 1770 poem The Deserted Village

Oliver Goldsmith was an 18th-century Irish writer, poet, and playwright.

Goldsmith is also famous for works like “The Vicar of Wakefield” and “She Stoops to Conquer”.

Explanation

Wilhelm Johannsen coined the term “gene” in 1909

Johannsen created "gene" from the Greek word genos, meaning "birth" or "race".

He  was a Danish botanist and geneticist

 He is best known for coining the terms gene, phenotype, and genotype, and for his 1903 "pure line" experiments in genetics.

Born: 3 February 1857, Elsinore, Denmark

Died: 11 November 1927 (aged 70) Copenhagen, Denmark