Explanation

• In MS Excel, every formula and function starts with the equal sign (=).
• The = tells Excel that the cell contains a formula, not plain text.
• Functions such as SUM, AVERAGE, and IF also begin with =.
• Without the =, Excel treats the entry as ordinary text.

Last verified on 10-02-2026

Explanation

• Pakistan shares its western border with Iran.
• It is approximately 909 km long.
• It is also bounded by Afghanistan to the northwest and north.
• China to the northeast.
• India to the east and southeast.
• These borders define Pakistan's geostrategic location in South Asia.

Last verified on 01-09-2026

Explanation

• The Durand Line was established as the official border between British India and Afghanistan.
• It was drawn in 1893.
• British representative: Sir Mortimer Durand
• Afghan ruler: Amir Abdur Rahman Khan
• It later became the international border between Pakistan and Afghanistan.
• Length: Around 2,640 km

Last verified on 09-06-2026

Explanation

• A Cell is the intersection of a row and a column in a spreadsheet such as MS Excel.
• Each cell has a unique cell address, such as A1, B5, or C10.
• Rows are identified by numbers: 1, 2, 3, ...
• Columns are identified by letters: A, B, C, ...
• A cell can contain text, numbers, formulas, or functions.

Last verified on 09-08-2026

Explanation

• A chart represents data visually, making it easier to understand and compare information.
• Common types include bar charts, line charts, pie charts, and column charts.
• Charts are widely used in MS Excel to present numerical data graphically.

Additional information:

• A bar chart compares categories.
• A line chart shows trends over time.
• A pie chart represents parts of a whole.

Last verified on 10-08-2026

Explanation

• Auto Save is a feature that automatically saves changes to a document at regular intervals.
• It helps reduce the risk of losing unsaved work if the program closes unexpectedly.

Additional information:

• Save manually saves the current document.
• Save As saves the document with a new name, location, or file format.

Last verified on 09-08-2026

Explanation

• The shortcut key for Undo (last action reverse) is Ctrl + Z in most computer systems.
• It is used to cancel the last mistake or action.

Additional information:

• Ctrl + P = Print
• Ctrl + Y = Redo
• Ctrl + S = Save
• Ctrl + C = Copy command
• Ctrl + V = Paste
• Ctrl + C = Copy
• Ctrl + X = Cut
• Ctrl + Y = Redo

Last verified on 10-06-2026

Explanation

• Shortcut Key: Ctrl + Enter
• Ribbon Path: Layout → Breaks → Page
• Purpose: Start a new page
• Works In: Microsoft Word
• Type: Manual Page Break

Last verified on 03-04-2026

Explanation

• Decrease the font size by 1 point: Ctrl + [

Additional information:

• Increase the font size. Ctrl + Shift + >
• Decrease the font size: Ctrl + Shift + <
• Increase the font size by 1 point: Ctrl + ]
• Ctrl + Shift + F: Change the font
• Open the Font dialog box to change the font: Ctrl + Shift + F

Verified & Updated

Explanation

• ARPANET was the first network that initiated the Internet.
• It was launched in 1969 by the U.S. Department of Defense's ARPA.
• ARPANET stands for Advanced Research Projects Agency Network.

Additional information:

• First message sent: 29 October 1969
• TCP/IP adopted: 1 January 1983
• World Wide Web introduced: 1989 (by Tim Berners-Lee)
• Public Internet growth: 1990s

Last verified on 27-07-2026